Fetal+Rights

 Factors that come into play when choosing an abortion method: which trimester baby's in, cost, morals, laws in the state, medical history

Basically in all first and second trimester pregnancies in which the mom wants an abortion, they follow a dilation where they give the patient medications that include fluids that are absorbed by the cervix and allow it to dilate. Then, a suction device empties the uterus and disposes of the fetus. The abortion pill works differently. It can be used up to 63 days after the first day of a woman's last period. It's often referred to as mifepristone or RU-486 In third trimester abortions, it is almost like infanticide because the fetus is almost a fully developed baby with most basic functions that would define it as a human being. In these abortions, the baby is killed before or while it is being delivered
 * works by blocking the hormone progesterone. so the lining of the uterus breaks down, and pregnancy cannot continue.
 * followed up with misoprostol- causes the uterus to empty.
 * abortion will start from within 4-5 hours to days after second medicine

Web Evaluation Rebecca Zhang/ Fetal Rights/ Pd 3 __Abortion Procedures__ Source: [|http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/abortion/abortion-procedures-4359.htm#methods]

This article was written by members Planned Parenthood Federation of Amereica, Inc. They are experts in sexual and reproductive health information including services, medical products, and medical care. Its purpose is to provide sufficient background information on the different abortion procedures available for women so they can choose the most convenient method for themselves. The article was both published and updated February 8, 2008. The information comes from Planned Parenthood's health care professionals. This website is free. It is a .org site. The author was slightly biased in that they only provided abortion information and did not suggest a different viewpoint such as keeping the baby. This article provided me with information on various abortion procedures and the factors that affect the patient's decision. It helped me decide which abortion procedure I wanted to focus in the video and which are more popular among pregnant women.

__ Who  wrote it: Planned Parenthood® Federation of America, Inc.  Are they expert: Yes What's their purpose for the site? PPFA and 54 Planned Parenthood affiliates have joined together to create plannedparenthood.org to provide streamlined access to the complete array of sexual and reproductive health information, services, and advocacy and volunteer opportunities available from Planned Parenthood entities nationwide. When created/updated: Published: 02.08.08  | Updated: 02.08.08 Where does info come from: Planned Parenthood is America’s most trusted provider of reproductive health care. Their skilled health care professionals are dedicated to offering men, women, and teens the highest quality medical care and the most affordable products. Why useful info?: It provides information on abortion procedures like the D&E and the cost of it.  It helped me decide which abortion procedure I wanted to focus in the video and which are more popular among pregnant women. Free/Invisible website: Free Type of Site: .org Was the author trying to change your opinion/was it biased? Yes, __they only provided abortion information and did not suggest a different viewpoint such as keeping the baby. __ Purpose: <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: rgb(12,8,8); LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">to provide streamlined access to the complete array of sexual and reproductive health information, services, and advocacy and volunteer opportunities available from Planned Parenthood entities nationwide Does it have “~”? No. Are there commercial Internet Service Providers in the URL? No. Is it on Wikipedia? No. Why is Wikipedia often come up as the first hit? They probably pay a lot of money to the search engine and already have a lot of people visiting the site. How reliable is Wikipedia? It isn’t very reliable because anybody can edit the page. How should I use it? No one should rely on Wikipedia for the bulk of their information but it is good for trivial questions because they are mainly correct. Who is responsible for the information? Planned Parenthood® Federation of America, Inc. __ <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">This article was written by members Planned Parenthood Federation of Amereica, Inc. They are experts in sexual and reproductive health information including services, medical products, and medical care. Its purpose is to provide sufficient background information on the different abortion procedures available for women so they can choose the most convenient method for themselves. The article was both published and updated February 8, 2008. The information comes from Planned Parenthood's health care professionals. This website is free. It is a .org site. The author was slightly biased in that they only provided abortion information and did not suggest a different viewpoint such as keeping the baby. This article provided me with information on various abortion procedures and the factors that affect the patient's decision. It helped me decide which abortion procedure I wanted to focus in the video and which are more popular among pregnant women.

Web Evaluation - Kaitlin Horan - Fetal Rights - Period 3 __Partial-Birth Abortions Should Be Banned__ Source: <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">http://find.galegroup.com/ovrc/infomark.do?&contentSet=GSRC&type=retrieve&tabID=T010&prodId=OVRC&docId=EJ3010034245&source=gale&srcprod=OVRC&userGroupName=berw2747&version=1.0

This article was written by Rich Deem who is an expert in this area of science. His purpose for this site is to discourage people from the practice of partial birth abortions. The article was written in 2007. The information comes from a variety of books. This website is invisible (from stoga.net). It is a .com website. The author was biased in this article. He was very opposed to the practice of partial birth abortions. The article described in detail the practice of partial birth abortions, where they take place, and what happens to the fetus in a scenario that includes an abortion such as this one. This article was valuable to me as a lawyer because it argued on the opposing side of the case concerning abortion. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #02121a; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">"Abortion: When Does Human Life Begin? Follow-up: Supreme Court Upholds Ban on Abortion Method." __Issues & Controversies On File__ 18 Apr. 2007. __Issues & Controversies__. Facts On File News Services. 2 June 2008 <http://www.2facts.com>. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Bishops, U.S. Conference of Catholic. "Most Americans Favor Restrictions on Abortions." //Current Controversies: The Abortion Controversy//. Ed. Emma Bernay. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Detroit <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">: Greenhaven Press, 2007. //<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center //<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">. 28 May. 2008 <[|http://find.galegroup.com/ovrc/infomark.do?&contentSet=GSRC&type=retrieve&tabID=T010&prodId=OVRC&docId=EJ3010034238&source=gale&srcprod=OVRC&userGroupName=berw2747&version=1.0>.</span]> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Cline, Austin. "Religious Groups Aim to Eliminate Women's Rights." //Current Controversies: The Abortion Controversy//. Ed. Emma Bernay. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Detroit <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">: Greenhaven Press, 2007. //<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center //<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">. Gale. 28 May. 2008 <[|http://find.galegroup.com/ovrc/infomark.do?&contentSet=GSRC&type=retrieve&tabID=T010&prodId=OVRC&docId=EJ3010034236&source=gale&srcprod=OVRC&userGroupName=berw2747&version=1.0>.]
 * Bibliography:**

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Deem, Rich. "Partial-Birth Abortions Should Be Banned." //Current Controversies: The Abortion Controversy//. Ed. Emma Bernay. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Detroit <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">: Greenhaven Press, 2007. //<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center //<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">. Gale. 28 May. 2008 <[|http://find.galegroup.com/ovrc/infomark.do?&contentSet=GSRC&type=retrieve&tabID=T010&prodId=OVRC&docId=EJ3010034245&source=gale&srcprod=OVRC&userGroupName=berw2747&version=1.0>.]

<span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> "Ethical Aspects of Sex Control." __The President’s Council on Bioethics.__ 25 May 2008. <http://bioethics.gov/background/sex_control.html>. "Fetal Homicide Laws." __Issues & Controversies On File__ 25 June 2004. __Issues & Controversies__. Facts On File News Services. 2 June 2008 http://www.2facts.com. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> "The Truth About the “Morning After Pill”. __American Life League, Inc. 2005. 24 May 2008.__ <** http://www.morningafterpill.org/2008/05/how-do-emergency-contraception.html  **.

Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. 2008. 24 May 2008. <http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/abortion/abortion-procedures-4359.htm#methods.

** Fetal Rights - Forced Cesarean Sections, Drug Use By The Mother, Fetal Protection Policies, Willow Island, West Virginia, Women Paid The Price Of Fetal Protection Policies <href="http://law.jrank.org/pages/6856/Fetal-Rights.html">. National Organization for Women. "Reproductive Rights Historical Highlights." __taking action for women's equality since 1966.__ 28 May 2008. Center for Reproductive Rights. 29 May 2008 <[|http://www.now.org/issues/abortion/roe30/timeline.html>.]

Rose, Alberta. __Abortion Timeline__. 11 Nov. 2003. 29 May 2008 <[|http://www.albertarose.org/women/abortion_timeline.htm>.]

<span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> ** Sociologist: LauraLeigh (Laura Leigh)

**<span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Three levels <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> 40-43 days- brain waves detected <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Middle-end weeks of second trimester <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Life- consciousness and communication Source: http://www.cbhd.org/resources/bioethics/beckwith_2001-11-19.htm
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Conception- new genes are created, potential for life and person

Lawyers: <span style="COLOR: rgb(68,63,222)">11horank (Kaitlin) and <span style="COLOR: rgb(30,246,37)">WhoaGuo (Michelle) <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(30,246,37)"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(183,39,236)">Does a fetus have rights? If so, what are they and who is responsible for representing the interests of the fetus? Does a fetus have rights that supersede the mother's rights? Can government step in to ensure the health of the fetus if the mother is not? What about embryos? <span style="COLOR: rgb(200,50,50)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(167,33,192)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,255,214)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Scientist: rebecca_2 (Rebecca #2) 1. What drugs and procedures are involved in making an abortion possible? <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,255,214)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">2. " embryo screening possible? <span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204); FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">· <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> There are two abortion methods to end pregnancy. In one, health care providers do an abortion procedure with medical instruments. The other method is the <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">[|abortion pill] . It is done only with medication.  <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204); FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">·  <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> There is more than one type of abortion procedure. The most common is called    ** aspiration **. It is also known as vacuum aspiration. Aspiration is usually used up to 16 weeks after a woman’s last period. More than 9 out of 10 abortions in the United States happen during this time.** <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204); FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">· <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204); FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">D&E **<span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> —  ** dilation and evacuation **— is another abortion method. D&E is usually performed later than 16 weeks after a woman's last period. Less than 1 out of 10 abortions in the United States happen during this time. After 24 weeks of pregnancy, abortions are performed only for serious health reasons. <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> During an ** aspiration **abortion**

<span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> An aspiration procedure takes about 5 to 10 minutes. But more time may be needed to prepare your cervix. Time is also needed for talking with your provider about the procedure, a physical exam, reading and signing forms, and a recovery period of about one hour.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(20,210,195)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Your health care provider will examine your <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">[|uterus].
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(20,210,195)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">You will get medicine for pain. You may be offered sedation — a medicine that allows you to be awake but deeply relaxed.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(20,210,195)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">A <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">[|speculum] will be inserted into your vagina.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(20,210,195)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Your health care provider may inject a numbing medication into or near your <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">[|cervix].
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(20,210,195)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">The opening of your cervix may be stretched with dilators — a series of increasingly thick rods. Or you may have absorbent dilators inserted a day or a few hours before the procedure. They will absorb fluid and get bigger. This slowly stretches open your cervix. Medication may also be used with or without the dilators to help open your cervix.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(20,210,195)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">You will be given antibiotics to prevent infection.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(20,210,195)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">A tube is inserted through the cervix into the uterus.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(20,210,195)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Either a hand-held suction device or a suction machine gently empties your uterus.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(20,210,195)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Sometimes, an instrument called a curette is used to remove any remaining tissue that lines the uterus. It may also be used to check that the uterus is empty. When a curette is used, people often call the abortion a D&C — dilation and curettage.

<span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">D&E
<span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> During a D&E <span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> A D&E usually takes between 10 and 20 minutes. But more time is needed to prepare your cervix. Time is also needed for talking with your provider about the procedure, a physical exam, reading and signing forms, and a recovery period of about one hour. <span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> You may have concerns about how an abortion will feel. Most women feel pain similar to menstrual cramps with both of these abortion methods. For others, it is more uncomfortable. <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> Your health care provider will help to make it as comfortable as possible. You will be given pain medication. Local numbing medicines are usually used. Some clinics offer sedation. Rarely, general anesthesia may be offered for certain procedures. It allows a woman to sleep through the procedure — but it increases the medical risks and how long you must remain at the clinic. <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> You may have cramps after an abortion. You will probably want to relax for the rest of the day. || <span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> BLEEDING AFTER ABORTION PROCEDURES <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> You may have some bleeding after your abortion. This is normal. You may pass a few clots about the size of a quarter. It’s normal to have <span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> It’s OK to use pads or tampons, but using pads makes it easier to keep track of your bleeding. <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> It’s also normal to have no bleeding after an abortion. <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> If you are concerned about your bleeding after an abortion, give your health care provider a call. <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> S0urce: <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">[|http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/abortion/abortion-procedures-4359.htm#methods <span] style="font-family: Verdana"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> The emergency contraceptive/morning-after pill has three possible ways in which it can work (as does the regular birth control pill): <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">1. <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">Ovulation is inhibited, meaning the egg will not be released; <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">2. <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">The normal menstrual cycle is altered, delaying ovulation; or  <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">3. <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">It can irritate the lining of the uterus so that if the first and second actions fail, and the woman does become pregnant, the human being created will die before he or she can actually attach to the lining of the uterus. <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> In other words, if the third action occurs, her body rejects the living human embryo, and the child will die. This result is a chemical abortion. <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Source: <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">[|http://www.morningafterpill.org/2008/05/how-do-emergency-contraception.html</span]>
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(25,185,210)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Your health care provider will examine you and check your uterus.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(25,185,210)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">You will get medication for pain. You may be offered sedation or IV medication to make you more comfortable.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(25,185,210)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">A speculum will be inserted into your vagina.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(25,185,210)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Your cervix will be prepared for the procedure. You may be given medication or have absorbent dilators inserted a day or a few hours before the procedure. They will absorb fluid and grow bigger. This slowly stretches open your cervix.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(25,185,210)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">You will be given antibiotics to prevent infection.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(25,185,210)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">In later second-trimester procedures, you may also need a shot through your abdomen to make sure there is fetal demise before the procedure begins.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(25,185,210)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Your health care provider will inject a numbing medication into or near your cervix.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(25,185,210)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Medical instruments and a suction machine gently empty your uterus.
 * ==<span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">How Do Abortion Procedures Feel?   ==
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(97,229,224)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">spotting that lasts up to six weeks
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(97,229,224)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">heavy bleeding for a few days
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(97,229,224)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">bleeding that stops and starts again

Questions for the Class Survey: 1. Do you believe that a fetus does have rights? Why or why not? 2. What do you believe is a justifiable reason to have an abortion? 3. Do you believe that it is ethical to have an abortion solely due to its gender? ** <span style="COLOR: rgb(247,34,56)">4. Who's life is more worth saving, the fetus' or the mother's? 5. According to rule of the Supreme Court, abortion is legal. Do you agree or disagree with their decision? 6. If a teenager gets pregnant due to unsafe practices, is it moral to have an abortion? 7. If pregnancy is the result of rape, does that change the situation when dealing with abortion? Web Evaluation Rebecca #1 http://health.discovery.com/centers/sex/sexpedia/abortion.html
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(236,9,65)">Educator: rebecca_1 (Rebecca #1)
 * 1) Sinclair Intimacy Institute wrote the article for the website. Sinclair Intimacy Institute is an organization dedicated to sexual education.
 * 2) The purpose of the article is to provide information about abortion and to educate people about the different types of abortions.
 * 3) The website was updated October 30, 2007, but the article was copy righted in 2002.
 * 4) The information is provided by Sinclair but is posted on the discovery health channel website.
 * 5)  The information is useful to my purpose because in order to create survey questions about abortion, I need to have a general knowledge about the different types and of the pros and cons.
 * URL: **

<span style="COLOR: rgb(203,38,237)">T <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,31,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(203,38,237)">OPICS: 1. abortion 2. gender selective pregnancy <span style="COLOR: rgb(34,57,99)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,31,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(233,22,22)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(203,38,237)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(224,36,36)">Sperm Selecting (Invitro Fertilization) <span style="COLOR: rgb(34,57,99)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,31,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(233,22,22)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(203,38,237)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(224,36,36)">Amniocentis to determine the gender which if the unwanted sex is forming, abortion is the result <span style="COLOR: rgb(34,57,99)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,31,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(233,22,22)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(203,38,237)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(224,36,36)">Infanticide: killing the baby of unwanted sex. Illegal in most places of the world but is still practiced.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(34,57,99)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,31,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(233,22,22)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(235,36,66)">Pre-Implantation Methods
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(34,57,99)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,31,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(233,22,22)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(203,38,237)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(224,36,36)">Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(34,57,99)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,31,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(233,22,22)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(203,38,237)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(224,36,36)">Post-Implantation Methods
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(34,57,99)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,31,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(233,22,22)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(203,38,237)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(224,36,36)">Post-Birth Methods

__<span style="COLOR: rgb(174,31,239)">-embryo screening <span style="COLOR: rgb(185,62,234)">3. amniocentesis: <span style="COLOR: rgb(230,30,30)"> testing of the amniotic fluid to test for genetic defects and other non-genetic diseases. Usually done to test for Down's Syndrome, Trisomy 18, and spina bifida. Usually done no earlier than 14 weeks because there needs to be enough fluid to recover. Determines the sex of the baby with a 100% accuracy. <span style="COLOR: rgb(210,20,20)">*Everyone has their own color now, so we know who wrote what and for who...etc. Feel free to change your color if you want to but I'm just warning you now its a pain. <span style="COLOR: rgb(224,16,16)"> __**Most of the stuff that I just put up I found on wikipedia. Although it isn't the most reliable source it will give us an idea of what to research in more detail.

<span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)"> So, I couldn't find that much information on fetal rights but I did find some on sex selective abortion.

-Prenatal Diagnosis - sonogram, amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling -Diagnosis is followed by abortion depending on which sex the child will be

Sex control is argued to affect the child, not just the parents. Therefore, it should not just be the parents decision to have an abortion since the decision affects more than just themselves. Some people argue that since the child will be a boy or a girl no matter what, parent's actions in controlling sex do not affect the child's well-being or health.**

<span style="COLOR: rgb(40,0,255)">[|**http://bioethics.gov/background/sex_control.html</span**] **>**

<span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">- <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)"> [|�9�] <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">11horank <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">May 21, 2008 6:49 am  <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">- <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)"> [|�12�] <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">11horank <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">May 21, 2008 6:49 am <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">By Josh Hafenbrack <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">TALLAHASSEE, Fla. _ The Florida House on Wednesday mounted what critics called a two-pronged assault on abortion <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">rights <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">, passing legislation that would require pregnant women to undergo ultrasound exams before getting an abortion and effectively defining life at conception for criminal prosecutions. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Any woman seeking to terminate a pregnancy would be required to pay for an ultrasound procedure _ and view the results unless she signs a waiver _ before having the abortion, under a controversial bill passed by the House largely along party lines. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">The Republican-led chamber also endorsed a " <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">fetal <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">homicide" bill that would create a separate murder charge for anyone who caused a pregnancy to be terminated through an act of violence against a pregnant woman. It defines an "unborn child" as a fetus at any stage of development, beginning at conception. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">"I can't imagine any man having a surgical procedure without prior tests," said Rep. Marti Coley, R-Panama City, said during debate over the ultrasound bill. "As a woman, as a mother, I ask you to support this bill, not to invade privacy, but to ensure that all women are offered safe health care." <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">The House measures, though, face an unknown future in the Senate, which in past years has killed similar anti-abortion measures and hasn't yet set aside time to debate the issue this year. Gov. Charlie Crist, whose signature would be required for the bills to become <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">law <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">, has been silent on the matter. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Democrats argued the abortion measures were little more than a government invasion into a private health matter. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">"This is not about protecting the <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">rights <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">of women," said Rep. Joyce Cusack, D-DeLand. "This is about eroding the <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">rights <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">of women. And I am so disappointed we would spend this kind of time on something that is really none of our business." <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">The House's ultrasound requirement, HB 257, would require pregnant women to pay for the scans as part of their abortion procedures. Costs for the tests can range widely, but are often a few hundred dollars, according to expert testimony. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Ultrasound scans already are required for women seeking abortions in their second- and third-trimesters; the bill expands the requirement to include early-term pregnancies. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">The ultrasound mandate is meant to warn pregnant woman, "are you sure you want to do that?" said House Democratic Leader Dan Gelber, of Miami Beach. "Just to constantly second-guess and challenge a woman who makes what I imagine is one of the hardest and most difficult decisions a person has to make. In that sense, it's an offensive bill." <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Republicans, though, said an ultrasound is necessary for a woman to make a good decision about whether to have an abortion. Supporters read letters from women who said they regretted their decision to end their pregnancies and wished they'd seen images of their fetuses. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">The emotionally charged debate prompted House Speaker Marco Rubio, R-West Miami, to warn groups of grade-school kids watching from the gallery of the adult content. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">The ultrasound bill passed on a 70-45 vote and now goes to the Senate, where it has yet to get a committee hearing. However, the anti-abortion effort has a powerful ally in Senate Majority Leader Dan Webster, R-Winter Garden, Fla., who has sponsored a companion bill and said Wednesday he assumes it will get a floor vote before the session adjourns May 2. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Last year, the House passed a bill containing the ultrasound requirement, but it died in the Senate. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Women whose pregnancies are the result of rape, incest, domestic violence or human trafficking would be exempt from the ultrasound requirement. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">If the " <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">fetal <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">homicide" bill passes the Senate and becomes <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">law <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">, anyone who causes a pregnancy to be terminated by assaulting or killing a woman could be prosecuted for murdering the "unborn child" _ even if they didn't know the woman was pregnant. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">The bill also would apply to drunk drivers, who could be charged with vehicular homicide for causing a pregnancy to be terminated in a car accident. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">(EDITORS: STORY CAN END HERE) <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">(EDITORS: BEGIN OPTIONAL TRIM) <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Under current <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">law <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">, a separate murder charge only applies if the fetus is considered viable, which is defined as "capable of meaningful life outside the womb through standard medical measures." That viable fetus standard is changed to "unborn child" at any stage of development. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">"It elevates a fetus and an egg, frankly, to the status of an adult person," said Adrienne Kimmell, executive director of Florida's Planned Parenthood affiliates. "The purpose of this bill is to create tension with Roe v. Wade. It's a chipping-away strategy we've seen for years now." <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">(END OPTIONAL TRIM) <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">The bill, HB 513, mirrors a federal <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">law <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Congress passed in 2004 dubbed the Unborn Victims of Violence Act. That <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">law <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">, though, only applies to crimes prosecuted in federal court. Numerous states already define life at conception for the purpose of prosecuting violence against pregnant women. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Bill sponsor Rep. Ralph Poppell, R-Vero Beach, Fla., said the <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">fetal <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">homicide bill is an attempt to "curb crime and save lives." <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Democrats _ a handful of whom voted for the bill, which passed 80-36 _ offered little debate against the idea. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">_ <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">(Sun-Sentinel Tallahassee Bureau Chief Linda Kleindienst contributed to this report.) <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">_ <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">(c) 2008, South Florida Sun-Sentinel. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Visit the Sun-Sentinel on the World Wide Web at [|�67�]<span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">http://www.sun-sentinel.com/ <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Distributed by McClatchy-Tribune Information Services. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">For reprints, email tmsreprints@permissionsgroup.com, call 800-374-7985 or 847-635-6550, send a fax to 847-635-6968, or write to The Permissions Group Inc., 1247 Milwaukee Ave., Suite 303, Glenview, IL 60025, USA.

<span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Copyright of <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, FL) <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">is the property of Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, FL). The copyright in an individual article may be maintained by the author in certain cases. Content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Source: <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, FL), Apr 02, 2008 <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Item: <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">2W62W61189619041 <span style="COLOR: rgb(35,10,245)">[|�77�] <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">[|http://web.ebscohost.com/src/detail?vid=3&hid=6&sid=06268c24-47a5-4c23-9c5a-25860fcae9ad%40sessionmgr102 </span] <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">>

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Ok, so I'm this obnoxious green color. Sweet. The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research was established by Title II of the National Research Act (Public Law 93-348). Their main job is to study the ethical principles underlying biomedical and behavioral research on human subjects. The Uniform Anatomical Gift Act (UAGA) has been adopted by all 50 states and the District of Columbia. It permits research on dead fetuses and the products of conception. Research can begin if a parent has consented and the other hasn't objected. In Roe V. Wade declared by the Supreme Court, women have the constitutional right to abortion. Since abortion is legal, the fetus is not deprived of rights that the parents had an obligation to protect. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> In 1973, [|Roe v. Wade] legalized abortion under the Fourteenth Amendment’s right to privacy provision. 1800s [|Abortions] are performed by practitioners and privately in homes by midwives and pregnant women who use herbal remedies and other methods to remove "menstrual blockages." 1821 Connecticut is the first state to outlaw abortion after the signs of fetus movement in a woman's body--a process called "quickening." 1853 Dr. Horatio Robinson Storer leads a nationwide campaign by the American Medical Association (AMA) to criminalize abortion. Within 20 years, more than 40 statutes outlaw abortion. Most state legislation allows doctors to perform an abortion if it saves the life of the mother. 1871 The AMA rules that an abortion can only be done after consultation with another physician and "always with a view to the safety of the child." The AMA holds this position until June 21, 1967, when it advocates the liberalization of abortion laws. 1873 March 3: Congress passes the Comstock Act, which bans the distribution and publishing of any material "for the prevention of conception, or for causing unlawful abortion." Early 1900s Abortions, although illegal, draw little attention unless resulting in a woman's death. Abortions are performed in private and in doctor's offices. 1923 [|Margaret Sanger]opens the first legal birth control clinic in the U.S. to provide contraceptives for medical purposes, such as preventing life-threatening pregnancies. 1930s Many women who cannot afford children obtain abortions during the Great Depression. Abortions move from doctor's offices and hospitals into clinics and hospitals. Poor women who perform self-induced abortions have a greater likelihood of complications. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1940s Politicians and police forces are less tolerant toward abortions and engage in exposes and arrests. 1942 The Birth Control Federation becomes the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. 1950s <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Hospitals form boards to evaluate which women can receive abortions. Fewer legal abortions are performed. Authorities prosecute abortion providers under the authority of 19th century statutes. During this period, many [|unwed mothers] choose to have their babies in maternity homes. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1962 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Sherri Finkbine is denied a therapeutic abortion recommended by her doctor after her fetus is damaged from the drug thalidomide. She later secures an abortion in Sweden. This widely publicized case, along with an outbreak of German measles (rubella) that causes 30,000 babies to have birth defects, leads physicians to support reduced [|restrictions on abortion]. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1965 June 7: The Supreme Court rules 7-2 in [|//Griswold v. Connecticut//] that married couples have the right to use birth control as a right to privacy. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1967 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Clergy Consultation Service on Abortion is founded in New York. This network, which is now nationwide, consists of ministers and rabbis who aid women in seeking safe abortions and offer advice on alternatives such as adoption and parenting. • <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Colorado <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> becomes the first state to allow abortion in cases of risks for a woman's health and suspicion that the child is likely to be born deformed. Other states, including California under then-Governor Ronald Reagan, follow suit. • The National Organization for Women (NOW) advocates reproductive rights for women. • An estimated 1.2 million women have illegal abortions each year. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1969 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The National Association for the Repeal of Abortion Laws (NARAL) is founded. This association advocates a woman's right to choose abortion. In 1973, NARAL changes its name to the National Abortion Rights Action League. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1970 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Abortion laws in 12 states allow abortion to preserve the physical or mental health of the mother or in cases of rape and incest. New York is the first state to liberalize abortion on demand. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1971 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">President Richard Nixon orders the reversal of liberalized abortion policies in the armed services. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1973 Jan. 22: The Supreme Court rules 7-2 in [|//Roe v. Wade//] that a woman's right to an abortion falls within the right to privacy (as recognized in //Griswold v. Connecticut//) protected by the Fourteenth Amendment. The decision grants women autonomy during the first trimester and designates levels of state interest for the second and third trimesters. As a result of the ruling, laws in 46 states are affected. In //Doe v. Bolton//, the Supreme Court strikes down restrictions on facilities thereby allowing the creation of abortion clinics. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1975 Catholic bishops organize a strategy against abortion in the Pastoral Plan for Pro-Life Activities. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1976 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Abortion emerges as [|key policy] for the first time in the 1976 presidential election with Republicans overwhelmingly pro-life and Democrats mainly pro-choice. • <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Congress passes the Hyde Amendment that excludes abortion as part of the health benefit provided to low-income people through Medicaid except in some cases of rape, incest or life-endangerment. July 1: The Supreme Court rules against spousal and parental consent for an abortion in //Planned Parenthood v. Danforth//. 1977 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Feb. 23: A Planned Parenthood abortion clinic in St Paul, Minnesota, is damaged from fire believed to be set by arsonists. June 20: In //Maher v. Roe//, the Supreme Court votes 6-3 that states have no legal obligation to pay for "non-therapeutic" abortions for low-income women. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1979 Jan. 9: The Supreme Court votes 6-3 in //Colautti v. Franklin// that it is up to doctors' discretion to determine the timing of "fetal viability." <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">July 2: In //Bellotti v. Baird//, the Supreme Court votes 8-1 that [|parental consent laws] are constitutional if states offer minors alternatives such as seeking a judge's approval. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1980 June 30: In //Harris v. McRae//, the Supreme Court rules that states are not legally obligated to pay for any abortions for women on welfare. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1981 • Members of the Women's Liberation Zap Action Brigade are arrested after disrupting Senate hearings on "Human Life" bill to outlaw abortions. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">March 23: In //H.L. v. Matheson//, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that states may require doctors to inform a minor's parents before performing an abortion. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1983 Jan. 22: Approximately 26,000 people march in Washington, D.C., to protest abortion on the 10th anniversary of //Roe v. Wade//. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">June 15: The Supreme Court votes 6-3 in three decisions led by //City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health// to strike down provisions requiring that all abortions performed after the first trimester be done in hospitals as well as provisions for parental consent, counseling of prospective patients, a 24-hour waiting period, and humane disposal of fetal remains. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">|| 1984 • //The Silent Scream//, a video supposedly showing a scream of an embryo being aborted, is released. Jan. 22: President Ronald Reagan proclaims this date as the National Sanctity of Human Life Day. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">July 13: The Reagan Administration announces that it will cut aid to international organizations which support abortion. On Dec. 13th, the US Agency for International Development cuts aid to the International Planned Parenthood Federation. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1986 June 11: The Supreme Court votes 5-4 against Pennsylvania regulations requiring doctors to inform patients of risks and make a record of all abortions in //Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists//. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1987 Dec. 14: The Supreme Court splits 4-4 in //Hartigan v. Zbaraz// on whether to make abortions in Illinois more difficult to obtain for some teenagers. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1988 • RU-486, the abortion pill, is available in France. • Operation Rescue, founded in the mid-1980s by Randall Terry, gains national attention for blockading abortion clinics and for demonstrating during the Democratic National Convention. In August, more than 4,000 Operation Rescue demonstrators are arrested, and Terry is sent to prison for two years. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Feb.: The Ronald Reagan administration institutes the [|Title X "Gag Rule"] that prevents federally-funded family planning clinics from counseling low-income women on abortion. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1989 • During the George H.W. Bush Administration, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) bans the importation of RU-486 for personal use. July 3: The Supreme Court rules in [|//Webster v. Reproductive Health Services//] to uphold a Missouri law to restrict funds, personnel and facilities in abortions and require doctors to test any fetus at least 20 weeks for survival outside the womb. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Nov. 12: Hundreds of thousands of demonstrators participate in abortion rights events across the nation. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Dec. 10: A report released by a House Government Operations subcommittee criticizes the U.S. Public Health Service for censoring information on abortion. The report also faults the U.S. Public Health Service with curtailing research and punishing federal researchers whose results conflict with administration policy. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1990 June 25: The Supreme Court votes 6-3 in //Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health// to uphold an Ohio law that bans abortions for dependent unmarried girls under 18 unless a parent is notified or there is a judge's approval. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1991 • Operation Rescue National flocks to Wichita, Kansas, for its "Summer of Mercy" campaign, where more than 2,000 demonstrators are arrested after the group begins confronting abortion clinic patients. • <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that there are 1,388,937 [|legal induced abortions] in America. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1992 April 5: At least 500,000 people march for abortion rights in Washington, D.C. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">June 29: In [|//Planned Parenthood v. Casey//], the Supreme Court votes 5-4 to reaffirm //Roe v. Wade// in Pennsylvania. The Court upholds the 24-hour waiting period and parental consent and rejects spousal consent. The justices impose the "undue burden" standard for abortion that requires state regulations to not present any "substantial obstacle in the path of a woman seeking an abortion before the fetus attains viability." <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1993 Jan. 13: The Supreme Court rules 5-4 in [|//Bray v. Alexandria Clinic//] that abortion protesters in Washington, D.C., did not exercise discriminatory animus in blocking women's access to abortion clinics. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Jan. 22: Upon the 20th anniversary of //Roe v. Wade//, President Bill Clinton lifts the Title X "Gag Rule" and orders the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to reevaluate the importation ban of RU-486. On the same day, approximately 75,000 abortion protesters march in Washington, D.C. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">March 18: Abortion protester Michael Griffin shoots and kills Dr. David Gunn outside a clinic in Pensacola, FL. Gunn is the first U.S. doctor killed during an anti-abortion demonstration. Griffin is later sentenced to life in prison for first-degree premeditated murder. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1994 Jan. 24: The Supreme Court rules unanimously in [|//National Organization for Women (NOW)// v. //Scheidler//] that protesters who block access to abortion clinics may be sued as racketeers under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">May 26: President Bill Clinton signs the [|Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act] that prohibits the use of force, threats or physical obstruction in the entrance of an abortion clinic. Aug. 1: The Clinton administration dispatches federal marshals to halt violence at a dozen abortion clinics across the nation. Dec. 30: John Salvi walks into two Boston-area abortion clinics and kills two receptionists and wounds five others. He is sentenced to life but kills himself in prison on <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Nov. 26, 1996.1995 Norma McCorvey, also known as Jane Roe, declares she is pro-life and regrets her role in the landmark case of //Roe v. Wade//. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> Dec. 7: The 104th Congress passes HR 1833 to outlaw [|partial-birth abortion]. Partial-birth abortion "means an abortion in which the person performing the abortion partially vaginally delivers a living fetus before killing the fetus and completing the delivery." <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> 1996 • The CDC reports there are 1,221,585 [|legal induced abortions] in the United States. April 10: President Bill Clinton [|vetoes HR 1833] because it does not include an allowance to protect a woman's life or safeguard her health. Sept.: The FDA declares RU-486 a safe and effective means of abortion but withholds final approval pending manufacturing and labeling issues. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> 1997 Jan. 16: Two bombs explode an hour apart and destroy an abortion clinic in Atlanta, Georgia, and injure six persons. 1998 The CDC reports there are 884,273 [|legal induced abortions] in America. April 30: According to a study in the //New England Journal of Medicine//, RU-486 is an effective form of abortion, especially in women with pregnancies of 49 days' duration or less. 2000 June 28: In [|//Stenberg v. Carhart//], the U.S. Supreme Court strikes down Nebraska's partial-birth abortion law because it fails to include a health exemption to preserve women's health and it imposes an "undue burden" on women's right to end their pregnancies. Sept. 28: The [|FDA approves] the distribution of RU-486. Women can receive a prescription from their doctors and use the pill up to seven weeks after their last menstrual cycle. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> 2002 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Sept. 27: President George W. Bush allows states to define fetuses as unborn children and make them eligible for government-subsidized health care. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2003 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">March 18: [|James Kopp] is found guilty for the 1998 murder of abortion doctor Barnett Slepian in Amherst, New York. Kopp later receives 25 years to life in prison. Sept. 3: [|Paul Hill] is executed by lethal injection for the July 29, 1994, shooting deaths of Dr. John Bayard Britton and his bodyguard. He is the first person sentenced to death for an anti-abortion crime. Nov. 5: President George W. Bush signs the [|Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act]. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2004 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act is declared unconstitutional by federal judges in [|California] in June, [|New York] in August and [|Nebraska] in September. All three rulings are expected to be appealed to the Supreme Court. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> 2006 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">A study is released by the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform that criticizes federally-funded pregnancy resource centers for giving [|false and misleading] health information linked to abortion. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Feb. 28: The Supreme Court unanimously rules in //Scheidler v. National Organization for Women (NOW)// that federal [|extortion] and racketeering laws can't be used to stop protests at abortion clinics. March 6: Governor Mike Round signs legislation that bans abortion in [|South Dakota] unless the procedure is necessary to save the woman's life. It makes no exception for cases of rape or incest and is called Governor Round a "direct frontal assault" on the 1973 //Roe v. Wade// ruling. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">July 25: The Senate [|passes a bill] that would make it a crime for anyone to accompany a minor across state lines to end a pregnancy in order to circumvent parental notification laws. Nov. 7: South Dakota's abortion ban legislation fails by a vote of 45-55. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2007 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">April 18: The U.S. Supreme Court upholds a partial birth abortion ban signed into law by President George W. Bush in 2003. The court reviews [|//Gonzales v. Carhart//] and //Gonzales v. Planned Parenthood// in making their decision. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Nov. 13: Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick signs a bill establishing a 35-foot buffer zone between abortion clinic entrances and anti-abortion protesters. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Nov. 19: The highest criminal court of Texas rules that the killing of a fetus can be prosecuted as murder. This ruling does not apply to abortions. Dec. 3: Colorado prepares a ballot referendum that would grant "personhood" to fertilized eggs, giving them the same legal protections as human beings. Abortion opponents are considering similar referendums in other states. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,255,44)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(84,249,78)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,255,6)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(32,24,24)"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: rgb(0,255,44); FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> =<span style="COLOR: rgb(0,255,44)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(84,249,78)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,255,6)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(32,24,24)"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: rgb(0,255,44); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">    = <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,255,44)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">Web Evaluation Michelle Guo Fetal Rights Period 3 Abortion Timeline __Source:__ <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">__[|http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SPL2924-0-1483&artno=0000259211&type=ART&shfilter=U&key=&title=Abortion%20Timeline&res=Y&ren=N&gov=N&lnk=N&ic=N</span]____>__

<span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> __This website was written by Christie Riegelhaupt and Amy Shaw, part of the ProQuest staff writing for the SIRS database. The main purpose of the article was to illustrate the history of abortion in American society. It was written in 2008, but no further specifics are stated. The information comes from the SIRS database from ProQuest LLC. The information is extremely valuable, especially as the lawyer of my research team. I can view the ever changing standpoints of the people on abortion and the progression of the issue in legislation.

(shows LL walking into maybe baby abortion clinic) <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Dr.: So I’m taking it that you’re pregnant, Ms. Watson? <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: yeah… can we take care of this? <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Dr.: Well there are two methods of abortions, one is surgical … like aspiration and the other is through an “abortion pill” - <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: whatever gets it done faster. I mean, Gosh, I’m already 4 months…-16 weeks .. sounds better ..pregnant <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Dr.: …uh. Oh. Well in that case, I guess you’ll be going for the D&E- Dilation and Evacuation. This procedure is appropriate for this stage in your pregnancy. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: that sounds kind of scary though <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Dr.: No worries, the surgery actually only takes ten to thirty minutes, but we also have to have an ultrasound and a physical exam done. Oh, and you’ll have to stay after the procedure to recover from the surgery but that’ll only be about an hour. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: mhmm, does it HURT? <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Dr.: You’ll take meds for the pain and either be sedated or hooked to an IV. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: Ok, that’s good. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Dr.: After the procedure, you may have cramps for a few days, but that’s normal. But with rest, that’ll go away.. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: Well, okay, I can deal with that… then what? <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Dr.: Well, basically to make your cervix dilate, we’ll need to add absorbent fluid the day before the procedure if you decide to do it. Other medications can be used to help the process. Don’t worry, you won’t get any infections. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: Uh, okay.. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Dr.: Then a tube is inserted and a suction device gets all the things in your uterus out. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: Wait, how about the baby, er, fetus? Do you do anything to it beforehand? <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Dr.: Well, I guess, though this is for later second trimester pregnancies, I guess we can give you a shot to .. to well, <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: ..to kill it. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Dr.: We call it fetal demise. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: Mom, I think I’m pregnant…. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Mom: excuse me? <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: yeah…. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Mom: are you sure? I mean you did seem to be putting on some WEIGHT lately.. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: do you really think id be telling you if I wasn’t sure?! <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Mom: no… <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: so can we go get an abortion? <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Mom: NO! <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: Why not!? I still play lasertag, I can’t raise a child!! I already went to that Maybe Baby abortion clinic. I have it all figured out, im getting a D&E, just sign the papers mom!! Mom: we dont even know how much itll cost LL: 750. Mom: (glare) Is that even legal? LL: Well yeah, I think. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Mom: We need to talk to a lawyer first.

they go to see a lawyer Lawyer: So, what can I help you with today? Mom: We were wondering if you had any information on abortion laws. Lawyer: Definitely, since we live in Pennsylvania, due to the Roe vs. Wade case in 1992, you have to have a 24 hour waiting period and parental consent before getting an abortion. This case was important becasue it put more restrictions on how easy it is to get an abortion without totally eliminating it as a possiblity for pregnant women. Mom: What about partial birth abortions? Lawyer: oh, that was outlawed by congress back in 1996. Mom: oh thank goodness. my friend got something similar to that and the procedure was simply awful! Lawyer: Yes it was decided than it was basically infanticide. Because the fetus is technically delivered alive. its just that when the fetus is mostly out the doctors puncture the skull and uses a vacuum device to remove the brain. and the baby is then fully delivered in a nonliving state. On rare occations in which the baby is born alive it is simply left to die. Mom: that seems to cross the line between murder and abortion. honey, we have to be careful. LL: yeah i didnt know there were such cruels ways of abortion Mom: the baby can feel the pain too. I know its scary but we'll get through this.

Lawyer leaves

Mom: Are you sure you really want to go through with this? LL: Yeah well, I think. There's no way that i can raise a child at my age. I know dad will be disappointed because he's so religious. Mom: Im sure God will understand. LL: But its not natural! This baby is supposed to be born. Mom: Let us pray to our Lord for guidance. LL: Mommmmm Mom takes LLs hands


 * goes back to abortion clinic

LL: Hi, Im still not exactly sure what i want to do. but id like to get an ultrasound. Dr: Alright thats fine. its natural to be afraid. And as your doctor i want you to be sure of your decision and not do anything you may regret. LL: Thank you. Dr: alright lets prep you for the ultra sound.

...

Dr: there he is. LL: he? Dr: oh. yeah. its a boy. LL: its a boy. Dr: THATS WHAT I JUST SAID LL: Its a boy.

back in the wating room

Mom: Well? LL: Im keeping it.

<span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">
 * Insert about what they want to do with the fetus -- maybe donate to science and testing, or becoming a surrogate mother?*
 * baby rights ** <span style="COLOR: rgb(31,40,35); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: rgb(51,204,204); LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Web Evaluation Rebecca Zhang/ Fetal Rights/ Pd 3 Source: [|http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/abortion/abortion-procedures-4359.htm#methods __<span]__ style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #22f7e4; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> Who <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> wrote it: Planned Parenthood® Federation of America, Inc. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> Are they expert: Yes <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">What's their purpose for the site? <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: rgb(12,8,8); LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">PPFA and 54 Planned Parenthood affiliates have joined together to create plannedparenthood.org to provide streamlined access to the complete array of sexual and reproductive health information, services, and advocacy and volunteer opportunities available from Planned Parenthood entities nationwide. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">When created/updated: <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: rgb(9,6,6); LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Published: 02.08.08 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: rgb(9,6,6); LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> | Updated: 02.08.08 <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: rgb(16,213,181); LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Where does info come from: <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: rgb(5,31,26); LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Planned Parenthood is America’s most trusted provider of reproductive health care. Their skilled health care professionals are dedicated to offering men, women, and teens the highest quality medical care and the most affordable products. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,243,255)">Why useful info?: <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: rgb(17,4,4); LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">It provides information on abortion procedures like the D&E and the cost of it. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: rgb(5,31,26); LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> It helped me decide which abortion procedure I wanted to focus in the video and which are more popular among pregnant women. Free/Invisible website: Free Type of Site: .org Was the author trying to change your opinion/was it biased? No. Purpose: <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: rgb(12,8,8); LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">to provide streamlined access to the complete array of sexual and reproductive health information, services, and advocacy and volunteer opportunities available from Planned Parenthood entities nationwide. Does it have “~”? No. Are there commercial Internet Service Providers in the URL? No. Is it on Wikipedia? No. Why is Wikipedia often come up as the first hit? They probably pay a lot of money to the search engine and already have a lot of people visiting the site. How reliable is Wikipedia? It isn’t very reliable because anybody can edit the page. How should I use it? No one should rely on Wikipedia for the bulk of their information but it is good for trivial questions because they are mainly correct. Who is responsible for the information? Planned Parenthood® Federation of America, Inc. __

Web Evaluation - Kaitlin Horan - Fetal Rights - Period 3__ Partial-Birth Abortions Should Be Banned __Source: <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">http://find.galegroup.com/ovrc/infomark.do?&contentSet=GSRC&type=retrieve&tabID=T010&prodId=OVRC&docId=EJ3010034245&source=gale&srcprod=OVRC&userGroupName=berw2747&version=1.0

This article was written by Rich Deem who is an expert in this area of science. His purpose for this site is to discourage people from the practice of partial birth abortions. The article was written in 2007. The information comes from a variety of books. This website is invisible (from stoga.net). It is a .com website. The author was biased in this article. He was very opposed to the practice of partial birth abortions. This article was valuable to me as a lawyer because it argued on the opposing side of the case concerning abortion. __

Planned Parenthood® Federation of America, Inc. 2008. 24 May 2008.<span style="FONT-SIZE: 7pt; COLOR: rgb(170,164,164); FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> __<span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> <[|http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/abortion/abortion-procedures-4359.htm#methods  </span]> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Ethical Aspects of Sex Control. __The President’s Council on Bioethics. 25 May 2008. <[|http://bioethics.gov/background/sex_control.html> </span]> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> __The Truth About the “Morning After Pill”.__ American Life League, Inc. 2005. 24 May 2008. <** [|http://www.morningafterpill.org/2008/05/how-do-emergency-contraception.html</span] >**

__Sociologist: LauraLeigh (Laura Leigh)__

<span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Conception- new genes are created, potential for life and person <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> 40-43 days- brain waves detected <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Middle-end weeks of second trimester <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Life- consciousness and communication Source: http://www.cbhd.org/resources/bioethics/beckwith_2001-11-19.htm
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> __Three levels__ **

Lawyers: <span style="COLOR: rgb(68,63,222)">11horank (Kaitlin) and <span style="COLOR: rgb(30,246,37)">WhoaGuo (Michelle) <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(30,246,37)"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(183,39,236)">Does a fetus have rights? If so, what are they and who is responsible for representing the interests of the fetus? Does a fetus have rights that supersede the mother's rights? Can government step in to ensure the health of the fetus if the mother is not? What about embryos? <span style="COLOR: rgb(200,50,50)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(167,33,192)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,255,214)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Scientist: rebecca_2 (Rebecca #2) 1. What drugs and procedures are involved in making an abortion possible? <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,255,214)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">2. " embryo screening possible? <span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204); FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">· <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> There are two abortion methods to end pregnancy. In one, health care providers do an abortion procedure with medical instruments. The other method is the <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">[|abortion pill] . It is done only with medication.  <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204); FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">·  <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> There is more than one type of abortion procedure. The most common is called    ** aspiration **. It is also known as vacuum aspiration. Aspiration is usually used up to 16 weeks after a woman’s last period. More than 9 out of 10 abortions in the United States happen during this time. <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204); FONT-FAMILY: Symbol">· **<span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204); FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">D&E **<span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> —  ** dilation and evacuation ** — is another abortion method. D&E is usually performed later than 16 weeks after a woman's last period. Less than 1 out of 10 abortions in the United States happen during this time. After 24 weeks of pregnancy, abortions are performed only for serious health reasons. <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> During an ** aspiration ** abortion

<span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> __An aspiration procedure takes about 5 to 10 minutes. But more time may be needed to prepare your cervix. Time is also needed for talking with your provider about the procedure, a physical exam, reading and signing forms, and a recovery period of about one hour.__
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(20,210,195)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">__Your health care provider will examine your <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">[|uterus] .__
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(20,210,195)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">__You will get medicine for pain. You may be offered sedation — a medicine that allows you to be awake but deeply relaxed.__
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(20,210,195)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">__A <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">[|speculum] will be inserted into your vagina.__
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(20,210,195)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">__Your health care provider may inject a numbing medication into or near your <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">[|cervix] .__
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(20,210,195)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">__The opening of your cervix may be stretched with dilators — a series of increasingly thick rods. Or you may have absorbent dilators inserted a day or a few hours before the procedure. They will absorb fluid and get bigger. This slowly stretches open your cervix. Medication may also be used with or without the dilators to help open your cervix.__
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(20,210,195)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">__You will be given antibiotics to prevent infection.__
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(20,210,195)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">__A tube is inserted through the cervix into the uterus.__
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(20,210,195)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">__Either a hand-held suction device or a suction machine gently empties your uterus.__
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(20,210,195)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">__Sometimes, an instrument called a curette is used to remove any remaining tissue that lines the uterus. It may also be used to check that the uterus is empty. When a curette is used, people often call the abortion a D&C — dilation and curettage.__

<span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">__D&E__
__<span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> During a   ** D&E **__

<span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> __A D&E usually takes between 10 and 20 minutes. But more time is needed to prepare your cervix. Time is also needed for talking with your provider about the procedure, a physical exam, reading and signing forms, and a recovery period of about one hour.__ <span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> You may have concerns about how an abortion will feel. Most women feel pain similar to menstrual cramps with both of these abortion methods. For others, it is more uncomfortable. <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> Your health care provider will help to make it as comfortable as possible. You will be given pain medication. Local numbing medicines are usually used. Some clinics offer sedation. Rarely, general anesthesia may be offered for certain procedures. It allows a woman to sleep through the procedure — but it increases the medical risks and how long you must remain at the clinic. <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> You may have cramps after an abortion. You will probably want to relax for the rest of the day. || <span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> __BLEEDING AFTER ABORTION PROCEDURES__ __<span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> You may have some bleeding after your abortion. This is normal. You may pass a few clots about the size of a quarter. It’s normal to have __ <span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> __It’s OK to use pads or tampons, but using pads makes it easier to keep track of your bleeding.__ __<span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> It’s also normal to have no bleeding after an abortion. <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> If you are concerned about your bleeding after an abortion, give your health care provider a call. <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> S0urce: <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">[|http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/abortion/abortion-procedures-4359.htm#methods <span] style="font-family: Verdana"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> The emergency contraceptive/morning-after pill has three possible ways in which it can work (as does the regular birth control pill): <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">1. <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">Ovulation is inhibited, meaning the egg will not be released; <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">2. <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">The normal menstrual cycle is altered, delaying ovulation; or  <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">3. <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">It can irritate the lining of the uterus so that if the first and second actions fail, and the woman does become pregnant, the human being created will die before he or she can actually attach to the lining of the uterus. <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> In other words, if the third action occurs, her body rejects the living human embryo, and the child will die. This result is a chemical abortion.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(25,185,210)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">__Your health care provider will examine you and check your uterus.__
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(25,185,210)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">__You will get medication for pain. You may be offered sedation or IV medication to make you more comfortable.__
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(25,185,210)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">__A speculum will be inserted into your vagina.__
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(25,185,210)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">__Your cervix will be prepared for the procedure. You may be given medication or have absorbent dilators inserted a day or a few hours before the procedure. They will absorb fluid and grow bigger. This slowly stretches open your cervix.__
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(25,185,210)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">__You will be given antibiotics to prevent infection.__
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(25,185,210)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">__In later second-trimester procedures, you may also need a shot through your abdomen to make sure there is fetal demise before the procedure begins.__
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(25,185,210)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">__Your health care provider will inject a numbing medication into or near your cervix.__
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(25,185,210)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">__Medical instruments and a suction machine gently empty your uterus.__
 * ==<span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">How Do Abortion Procedures Feel?   ==
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(97,229,224)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">__spotting that lasts up to six weeks__
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(97,229,224)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">__heavy bleeding for a few days__
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(97,229,224)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(45,240,219)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(34,247,228); FONT-FAMILY: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">__bleeding that stops and starts again__
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Source: <span style="COLOR: rgb(51,204,204)">[|http://www.morningafterpill.org/2008/05/how-do-emergency-contraception.html</span]> **

<span style="COLOR: rgb(236,9,65)">Educator: rebecca_1 (Rebecca #1) Questions for the Class Survey: 1. Do you believe that a fetus does have rights? Why or why not? 2. What do you believe is a justifiable reason to have an abortion? 3. Do you believe that it is ethical to have an abortion solely due to its gender? __ <span style="COLOR: rgb(247,34,56)">__4. Who's life is more worth saving, the fetus' or the mother's? 5. According to rule of the Supreme Court, abortion is legal. Do you agree or disagree with their decision? 6. If a teenager gets pregnant due to unsafe practices, is it moral to have an abortion? 7. If pregnancy is the result of rape, does that change the situation when dealing with abortion? 8.__ __<span style="COLOR: rgb(237,18,18)">Some protesters resulted to violence

<span style="COLOR: rgb(203,38,237)">T <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,31,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(203,38,237)">OPICS: 1. abortion 2. gender selective pregnancy __ <span style="COLOR: rgb(34,57,99)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,31,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(233,22,22)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(203,38,237)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(224,36,36)">__Sperm Selecting (Invitro Fertilization)__ <span style="COLOR: rgb(34,57,99)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,31,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(233,22,22)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(203,38,237)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(224,36,36)">Amniocentis to determine the gender which if the unwanted sex is forming, abortion is the result <span style="COLOR: rgb(34,57,99)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,31,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(233,22,22)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(203,38,237)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(224,36,36)">Infanticide: killing the baby of unwanted sex. Illegal in most places of the world but is still practiced.
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(34,57,99)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,31,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(233,22,22)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(235,36,66)">__Pre-Implantation Methods__
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(34,57,99)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,31,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(233,22,22)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(203,38,237)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(224,36,36)">Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(34,57,99)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,31,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(233,22,22)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(203,38,237)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(224,36,36)">Post-Implantation Methods
 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(34,57,99)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,31,255)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(233,22,22)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(203,38,237)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(224,36,36)">Post-Birth Methods

<span style="COLOR: rgb(174,31,239)">-embryo screening <span style="COLOR: rgb(185,62,234)">3. amniocentesis: <span style="COLOR: rgb(230,30,30)"> testing of the amniotic fluid to test for genetic defects and other non-genetic diseases. Usually done to test for Down's Syndrome, Trisomy 18, and spina bifida. Usually done no earlier than 14 weeks because there needs to be enough fluid to recover. Determines the sex of the baby with a 100% accuracy. <span style="COLOR: rgb(210,20,20)">*Everyone has their own color now, so we know who wrote what and for who...etc. Feel free to change your color if you want to but I'm just warning you now its a pain. <span style="COLOR: rgb(224,16,16)"> __Most of the stuff that I just put up I found on wikipedia. Although it isn't the most reliable source it will give us an idea of what to research in more detail.

<span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)"> So, I couldn't find that much information on fetal rights but I did find some on sex selective abortion.

-Prenatal Diagnosis - sonogram, amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling -Diagnosis is followed by abortion depending on which sex the child will be

Sex control is argued to affect the child, not just the parents. Therefore, it should not just be the parents decision to have an abortion since the decision affects more than just themselves. Some people argue that since the child will be a boy or a girl no matter what, parent's actions in controlling sex do not affect the child's well-being or health.


 * <span style="COLOR: rgb(40,0,255)">[|**http://bioethics.gov/background/sex_control.html</span**] **>__

__ <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">- <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)"> [|�9�] <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">11horank <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">May 21, 2008 6:49 am  <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">- <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)"> [|�12�] <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">11horank <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">May 21, 2008 6:49 am <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">By Josh Hafenbrack <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">TALLAHASSEE, Fla. _ The Florida House on Wednesday mounted what critics called a two-pronged assault on abortion <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">rights <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">, passing legislation that would require pregnant women to undergo ultrasound exams before getting an abortion and effectively defining life at conception for criminal prosecutions. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Any woman seeking to terminate a pregnancy would be required to pay for an ultrasound procedure _ and view the results unless she signs a waiver _ before having the abortion, under a controversial bill passed by the House largely along party lines. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">The Republican-led chamber also endorsed a " <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">fetal <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">homicide" bill that would create a separate murder charge for anyone who caused a pregnancy to be terminated through an act of violence against a pregnant woman. It defines an "unborn child" as a fetus at any stage of development, beginning at conception. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">"I can't imagine any man having a surgical procedure without prior tests," said Rep. Marti Coley, R-Panama City, said during debate over the ultrasound bill. "As a woman, as a mother, I ask you to support this bill, not to invade privacy, but to ensure that all women are offered safe health care." <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">The House measures, though, face an unknown future in the Senate, which in past years has killed similar anti-abortion measures and hasn't yet set aside time to debate the issue this year. Gov. Charlie Crist, whose signature would be required for the bills to become <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">law <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">, has been silent on the matter. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Democrats argued the abortion measures were little more than a government invasion into a private health matter. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">"This is not about protecting the <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">rights <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">of women," said Rep. Joyce Cusack, D-DeLand. "This is about eroding the <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">rights <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">of women. And I am so disappointed we would spend this kind of time on something that is really none of our business." <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">The House's ultrasound requirement, HB 257, would require pregnant women to pay for the scans as part of their abortion procedures. Costs for the tests can range widely, but are often a few hundred dollars, according to expert testimony. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Ultrasound scans already are required for women seeking abortions in their second- and third-trimesters; the bill expands the requirement to include early-term pregnancies. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">The ultrasound mandate is meant to warn pregnant woman, "are you sure you want to do that?" said House Democratic Leader Dan Gelber, of Miami Beach. "Just to constantly second-guess and challenge a woman who makes what I imagine is one of the hardest and most difficult decisions a person has to make. In that sense, it's an offensive bill." <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Republicans, though, said an ultrasound is necessary for a woman to make a good decision about whether to have an abortion. Supporters read letters from women who said they regretted their decision to end their pregnancies and wished they'd seen images of their fetuses. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">The emotionally charged debate prompted House Speaker Marco Rubio, R-West Miami, to warn groups of grade-school kids watching from the gallery of the adult content. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">The ultrasound bill passed on a 70-45 vote and now goes to the Senate, where it has yet to get a committee hearing. However, the anti-abortion effort has a powerful ally in Senate Majority Leader Dan Webster, R-Winter Garden, Fla., who has sponsored a companion bill and said Wednesday he assumes it will get a floor vote before the session adjourns May 2. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Last year, the House passed a bill containing the ultrasound requirement, but it died in the Senate. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Women whose pregnancies are the result of rape, incest, domestic violence or human trafficking would be exempt from the ultrasound requirement. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">If the " <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">fetal <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">homicide" bill passes the Senate and becomes <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">law <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">, anyone who causes a pregnancy to be terminated by assaulting or killing a woman could be prosecuted for murdering the "unborn child" _ even if they didn't know the woman was pregnant. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">The bill also would apply to drunk drivers, who could be charged with vehicular homicide for causing a pregnancy to be terminated in a car accident. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">(EDITORS: STORY CAN END HERE) <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">(EDITORS: BEGIN OPTIONAL TRIM) <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Under current <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">law <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">, a separate murder charge only applies if the fetus is considered viable, which is defined as "capable of meaningful life outside the womb through standard medical measures." That viable fetus standard is changed to "unborn child" at any stage of development. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">"It elevates a fetus and an egg, frankly, to the status of an adult person," said Adrienne Kimmell, executive director of Florida's Planned Parenthood affiliates. "The purpose of this bill is to create tension with Roe v. Wade. It's a chipping-away strategy we've seen for years now." <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">(END OPTIONAL TRIM) <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">The bill, HB 513, mirrors a federal <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">law <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Congress passed in 2004 dubbed the Unborn Victims of Violence Act. That <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">law <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">, though, only applies to crimes prosecuted in federal court. Numerous states already define life at conception for the purpose of prosecuting violence against pregnant women. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Bill sponsor Rep. Ralph Poppell, R-Vero Beach, Fla., said the <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">fetal <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">homicide bill is an attempt to "curb crime and save lives." <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Democrats _ a handful of whom voted for the bill, which passed 80-36 _ offered little debate against the idea. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">_ <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">(Sun-Sentinel Tallahassee Bureau Chief Linda Kleindienst contributed to this report.) <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">_ <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">(c) 2008, South Florida Sun-Sentinel. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Visit the Sun-Sentinel on the World Wide Web at [|�67�]<span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">http://www.sun-sentinel.com/ <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Distributed by McClatchy-Tribune Information Services. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">For reprints, email tmsreprints@permissionsgroup.com, call 800-374-7985 or 847-635-6550, send a fax to 847-635-6968, or write to The Permissions Group Inc., 1247 Milwaukee Ave., Suite 303, Glenview, IL 60025, USA. __

__<span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Copyright of <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, FL) <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">is the property of Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, FL). The copyright in an individual article may be maintained by the author in certain cases. Content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Source: <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, FL), Apr 02, 2008 <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">Item: <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">2W62W61189619041 <span style="COLOR: rgb(35,10,245)">[|�77�] <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">[|http://web.ebscohost.com/src/detail?vid=3&hid=6&sid=06268c24-47a5-4c23-9c5a-25860fcae9ad%40sessionmgr102 </span] <span style="COLOR: rgb(36,0,255)">>

<span style="COLOR: rgb(52,255,0)"> __

<span style="COLOR: rgb(52,255,0)">
__Ok, so I'm this obnoxious green color. Sweet. The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research was established by Title II of the National Research Act (Public Law 93-348). Their main job is to study the ethical principles underlying biomedical and behavioral research on human subjects. The Uniform Anatomical Gift Act (UAGA) has been adopted by all 50 states and the District of Columbia. It permits research on dead fetuses and the products of conception. Research can begin if a parent has consented and the other hasn't objected. In Roe V. Wade declared by the Supreme Court, women have the constitutional right to abortion. Since abortion is legal, the fetus is not deprived of rights that the parents had an obligation to protect. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> In 1973, [|Roe v. Wade] legalized abortion under the Fourteenth Amendment’s right to privacy provision. 1800s [|Abortions] are performed by practitioners and privately in homes by midwives and pregnant women who use herbal remedies and other methods to remove "menstrual blockages." 1821 Connecticut is the first state to outlaw abortion after the signs of fetus movement in a woman's body--a process called "quickening." 1853 Dr. Horatio Robinson Storer leads a nationwide campaign by the American Medical Association (AMA) to criminalize abortion. Within 20 years, more than 40 statutes outlaw abortion. Most state legislation allows doctors to perform an abortion if it saves the life of the mother. 1871 The AMA rules that an abortion can only be done after consultation with another physician and "always with a view to the safety of the child." The AMA holds this position until June 21, 1967, when it advocates the liberalization of abortion laws. 1873 March 3: Congress passes the Comstock Act, which bans the distribution and publishing of any material "for the prevention of conception, or for causing unlawful abortion." Early 1900s Abortions, although illegal, draw little attention unless resulting in a woman's death. Abortions are performed in private and in doctor's offices. 1923 [|Margaret Sanger]opens the first legal birth control clinic in the U.S. to provide contraceptives for medical purposes, such as preventing life-threatening pregnancies. 1930s Many women who cannot afford children obtain abortions during the Great Depression. Abortions move from doctor's offices and hospitals into clinics and hospitals. Poor women who perform self-induced abortions have a greater likelihood of complications. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1940s Politicians and police forces are less tolerant toward abortions and engage in exposes and arrests. 1942 The Birth Control Federation becomes the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. 1950s <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Hospitals form boards to evaluate which women can receive abortions. Fewer legal abortions are performed. Authorities prosecute abortion providers under the authority of 19th century statutes. During this period, many [|unwed mothers] choose to have their babies in maternity homes. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1962 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Sherri Finkbine is denied a therapeutic abortion recommended by her doctor after her fetus is damaged from the drug thalidomide. She later secures an abortion in Sweden. This widely publicized case, along with an outbreak of German measles (rubella) that causes 30,000 babies to have birth defects, leads physicians to support reduced [|restrictions on abortion]. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1965 June 7: The Supreme Court rules 7-2 in [|//Griswold v. Connecticut//] that married couples have the right to use birth control as a right to privacy. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1967 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Clergy Consultation Service on Abortion is founded in New York. This network, which is now nationwide, consists of ministers and rabbis who aid women in seeking safe abortions and offer advice on alternatives such as adoption and parenting. • <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Colorado <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> becomes the first state to allow abortion in cases of risks for a woman's health and suspicion that the child is likely to be born deformed. Other states, including California under then-Governor Ronald Reagan, follow suit. • The National Organization for Women (NOW) advocates reproductive rights for women. • An estimated 1.2 million women have illegal abortions each year. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1969 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The National Association for the Repeal of Abortion Laws (NARAL) is founded. This association advocates a woman's right to choose abortion. In 1973, NARAL changes its name to the National Abortion Rights Action League. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1970 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Abortion laws in 12 states allow abortion to preserve the physical or mental health of the mother or in cases of rape and incest. New York is the first state to liberalize abortion on demand. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1971 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">President Richard Nixon orders the reversal of liberalized abortion policies in the armed services. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1973 Jan. 22: The Supreme Court rules 7-2 in [|//Roe v. Wade//] that a woman's right to an abortion falls within the right to privacy (as recognized in //Griswold v. Connecticut//) protected by the Fourteenth Amendment. The decision grants women autonomy during the first trimester and designates levels of state interest for the second and third trimesters. As a result of the ruling, laws in 46 states are affected. In //Doe v. Bolton//, the Supreme Court strikes down restrictions on facilities thereby allowing the creation of abortion clinics. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1975 Catholic bishops organize a strategy against abortion in the Pastoral Plan for Pro-Life Activities. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1976 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Abortion emerges as [|key policy] for the first time in the 1976 presidential election with Republicans overwhelmingly pro-life and Democrats mainly pro-choice. • <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Congress passes the Hyde Amendment that excludes abortion as part of the health benefit provided to low-income people through Medicaid except in some cases of rape, incest or life-endangerment. July 1: The Supreme Court rules against spousal and parental consent for an abortion in //Planned Parenthood v. Danforth//. 1977 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Feb. 23: A Planned Parenthood abortion clinic in St Paul, Minnesota, is damaged from fire believed to be set by arsonists. June 20: In //Maher v. Roe//, the Supreme Court votes 6-3 that states have no legal obligation to pay for "non-therapeutic" abortions for low-income women. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1979 Jan. 9: The Supreme Court votes 6-3 in //Colautti v. Franklin// that it is up to doctors' discretion to determine the timing of "fetal viability." <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">July 2: In //Bellotti v. Baird//, the Supreme Court votes 8-1 that [|parental consent laws] are constitutional if states offer minors alternatives such as seeking a judge's approval. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1980 June 30: In //Harris v. McRae//, the Supreme Court rules that states are not legally obligated to pay for any abortions for women on welfare. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1981 • Members of the Women's Liberation Zap Action Brigade are arrested after disrupting Senate hearings on "Human Life" bill to outlaw abortions. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">March 23: In //H.L. v. Matheson//, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that states may require doctors to inform a minor's parents before performing an abortion. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1983 Jan. 22: Approximately 26,000 people march in Washington, D.C., to protest abortion on the 10th anniversary of //Roe v. Wade//. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">June 15: The Supreme Court votes 6-3 in three decisions led by //City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health// to strike down provisions requiring that all abortions performed after the first trimester be done in hospitals as well as provisions for parental consent, counseling of prospective patients, a 24-hour waiting period, and humane disposal of fetal remains. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">|| 1984 • //The Silent Scream//, a video supposedly showing a scream of an embryo being aborted, is released. Jan. 22: President Ronald Reagan proclaims this date as the National Sanctity of Human Life Day. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">July 13: The Reagan Administration announces that it will cut aid to international organizations which support abortion. On Dec. 13th, the US Agency for International Development cuts aid to the International Planned Parenthood Federation. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1986 June 11: The Supreme Court votes 5-4 against Pennsylvania regulations requiring doctors to inform patients of risks and make a record of all abortions in //Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists//. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1987 Dec. 14: The Supreme Court splits 4-4 in //Hartigan v. Zbaraz// on whether to make abortions in Illinois more difficult to obtain for some teenagers. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1988 • RU-486, the abortion pill, is available in France. • Operation Rescue, founded in the mid-1980s by Randall Terry, gains national attention for blockading abortion clinics and for demonstrating during the Democratic National Convention. In August, more than 4,000 Operation Rescue demonstrators are arrested, and Terry is sent to prison for two years. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Feb.: The Ronald Reagan administration institutes the [|Title X "Gag Rule"] that prevents federally-funded family planning clinics from counseling low-income women on abortion. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1989 • During the George H.W. Bush Administration, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) bans the importation of RU-486 for personal use. July 3: The Supreme Court rules in [|//Webster v. Reproductive Health Services//] to uphold a Missouri law to restrict funds, personnel and facilities in abortions and require doctors to test any fetus at least 20 weeks for survival outside the womb. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Nov. 12: Hundreds of thousands of demonstrators participate in abortion rights events across the nation. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Dec. 10: A report released by a House Government Operations subcommittee criticizes the U.S. Public Health Service for censoring information on abortion. The report also faults the U.S. Public Health Service with curtailing research and punishing federal researchers whose results conflict with administration policy. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1990 June 25: The Supreme Court votes 6-3 in //Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health// to uphold an Ohio law that bans abortions for dependent unmarried girls under 18 unless a parent is notified or there is a judge's approval. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1991 • Operation Rescue National flocks to Wichita, Kansas, for its "Summer of Mercy" campaign, where more than 2,000 demonstrators are arrested after the group begins confronting abortion clinic patients. • <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that there are 1,388,937 [|legal induced abortions] in America. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1992 April 5: At least 500,000 people march for abortion rights in Washington, D.C. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">June 29: In [|//Planned Parenthood v. Casey//], the Supreme Court votes 5-4 to reaffirm //Roe v. Wade// in Pennsylvania. The Court upholds the 24-hour waiting period and parental consent and rejects spousal consent. The justices impose the "undue burden" standard for abortion that requires state regulations to not present any "substantial obstacle in the path of a woman seeking an abortion before the fetus attains viability." <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1993 Jan. 13: The Supreme Court rules 5-4 in [|//Bray v. Alexandria Clinic//] that abortion protesters in Washington, D.C., did not exercise discriminatory animus in blocking women's access to abortion clinics. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Jan. 22: Upon the 20th anniversary of //Roe v. Wade//, President Bill Clinton lifts the Title X "Gag Rule" and orders the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to reevaluate the importation ban of RU-486. On the same day, approximately 75,000 abortion protesters march in Washington, D.C. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">March 18: Abortion protester Michael Griffin shoots and kills Dr. David Gunn outside a clinic in Pensacola, FL. Gunn is the first U.S. doctor killed during an anti-abortion demonstration. Griffin is later sentenced to life in prison for first-degree premeditated murder. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1994 Jan. 24: The Supreme Court rules unanimously in [|//National Organization for Women (NOW)// v. //Scheidler//] that protesters who block access to abortion clinics may be sued as racketeers under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">May 26: President Bill Clinton signs the [|Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act] that prohibits the use of force, threats or physical obstruction in the entrance of an abortion clinic. Aug. 1: The Clinton administration dispatches federal marshals to halt violence at a dozen abortion clinics across the nation. Dec. 30: John Salvi walks into two Boston-area abortion clinics and kills two receptionists and wounds five others. He is sentenced to life but kills himself in prison on <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Nov. 26, 1996.1995 Norma McCorvey, also known as Jane Roe, declares she is pro-life and regrets her role in the landmark case of //Roe v. Wade//. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> Dec. 7: The 104th Congress passes HR 1833 to outlaw [|partial-birth abortion]. Partial-birth abortion "means an abortion in which the person performing the abortion partially vaginally delivers a living fetus before killing the fetus and completing the delivery." <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> 1996 • The CDC reports there are 1,221,585 [|legal induced abortions] in the United States. April 10: President Bill Clinton [|vetoes HR 1833] because it does not include an allowance to protect a woman's life or safeguard her health. Sept.: The FDA declares RU-486 a safe and effective means of abortion but withholds final approval pending manufacturing and labeling issues. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> 1997 Jan. 16: Two bombs explode an hour apart and destroy an abortion clinic in Atlanta, Georgia, and injure six persons. 1998 The CDC reports there are 884,273 [|legal induced abortions] in America. April 30: According to a study in the //New England Journal of Medicine//, RU-486 is an effective form of abortion, especially in women with pregnancies of 49 days' duration or less. 2000 June 28: In [|//Stenberg v. Carhart//], the U.S. Supreme Court strikes down Nebraska's partial-birth abortion law because it fails to include a health exemption to preserve women's health and it imposes an "undue burden" on women's right to end their pregnancies. Sept. 28: The [|FDA approves] the distribution of RU-486. Women can receive a prescription from their doctors and use the pill up to seven weeks after their last menstrual cycle. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> 2002 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Sept. 27: President George W. Bush allows states to define fetuses as unborn children and make them eligible for government-subsidized health care. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2003 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">March 18: [|James Kopp] is found guilty for the 1998 murder of abortion doctor Barnett Slepian in Amherst, New York. Kopp later receives 25 years to life in prison. Sept. 3: [|Paul Hill] is executed by lethal injection for the July 29, 1994, shooting deaths of Dr. John Bayard Britton and his bodyguard. He is the first person sentenced to death for an anti-abortion crime. Nov. 5: President George W. Bush signs the [|Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act]. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2004 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act is declared unconstitutional by federal judges in [|California] in June, [|New York] in August and [|Nebraska] in September. All three rulings are expected to be appealed to the Supreme Court. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> 2006 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">A study is released by the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform that criticizes federally-funded pregnancy resource centers for giving [|false and misleading] health information linked to abortion. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Feb. 28: The Supreme Court unanimously rules in //Scheidler v. National Organization for Women (NOW)// that federal [|extortion] and racketeering laws can't be used to stop protests at abortion clinics. March 6: Governor Mike Round signs legislation that bans abortion in [|South Dakota] unless the procedure is necessary to save the woman's life. It makes no exception for cases of rape or incest and is called Governor Round a "direct frontal assault" on the 1973 //Roe v. Wade// ruling. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">July 25: The Senate [|passes a bill] that would make it a crime for anyone to accompany a minor across state lines to end a pregnancy in order to circumvent parental notification laws. Nov. 7: South Dakota's abortion ban legislation fails by a vote of 45-55. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2007 <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">April 18: The U.S. Supreme Court upholds a partial birth abortion ban signed into law by President George W. Bush in 2003. The court reviews [|//Gonzales v. Carhart//] and //Gonzales v. Planned Parenthood// in making their decision. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Nov. 13: Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick signs a bill establishing a 35-foot buffer zone between abortion clinic entrances and anti-abortion protesters. <span style="COLOR: rgb(13,255,0); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Nov. 19: The highest criminal court of Texas rules that the killing of a fetus can be prosecuted as murder. This ruling does not apply to abortions. Dec. 3: Colorado prepares a ballot referendum that would grant "personhood" to fertilized eggs, giving them the same legal protections as human beings. Abortion opponents are considering similar referendums in other states. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,255,44)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(84,249,78)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,255,6)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(32,24,24)"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: rgb(0,255,44); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">    __ =<span style="COLOR: rgb(0,255,44)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(84,249,78)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,255,6)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(32,24,24)"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: rgb(0,255,44); FONT-FAMILY: Arial">    = __<span style="COLOR: rgb(0,255,44)"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">Web Evaluation Michelle Guo Fetal Rights Period 3 Abortion Timeline __ Source: <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">[|http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SPL2924-0-1483&artno=0000259211&type=ART&shfilter=U&key=&title=Abortion%20Timeline&res=Y&ren=N&gov=N&lnk=N&ic=N</span]>

<span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> This website was written by Christie Riegelhaupt and Amy Shaw, part of the ProQuest staff writing for the SIRS database. The main purpose of the article was to illustrate the history of abortion in American society. It was written in 2008, but no further specifics are stated. The information comes from the SIRS database from ProQuest LLC. The information is extremely valuable, especially as the lawyer of my research team. I can view the ever changing standpoints of the people on abortion and the progression of the issue in legislation.

(shows LL walking into maybe baby abortion clinic) <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Dr.: So I’m taking it that you’re pregnant, Ms. Watson? <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: yeah… can we take care of this? <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Dr.: Well there are two methods of abortions, one is surgical … like aspiration and the other is through an “abortion pill” - <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: whatever gets it done faster. I mean, Gosh, I’m already 4 months…-16 weeks .. sounds better ..pregnant <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Dr.: …uh. Oh. Well in that case, I guess you’ll be going for the D&E- Dilation and Evacuation. This procedure is appropriate for this stage in your pregnancy. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: that sounds kind of scary though <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Dr.: No worries, the surgery actually only takes ten to thirty minutes, but we also have to have an ultrasound and a physical exam done. Oh, and you’ll have to stay after the procedure to recover from the surgery but that’ll only be about an hour. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: mhmm, does it HURT? <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Dr.: You’ll take meds for the pain and either be sedated or hooked to an IV. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: Ok, that’s good. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Dr.: After the procedure, you may have cramps for a few days, but that’s normal. But with rest, that’ll go away.. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: Well, okay, I can deal with that… then what? <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Dr.: Well, basically to make your cervix dilate, we’ll need to add absorbent fluid the day before the procedure if you decide to do it. Other medications can be used to help the process. Don’t worry, you won’t get any infections. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: Uh, okay.. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Dr.: Then a tube is inserted and a suction device gets all the things in your uterus out. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: Wait, how about the baby, er, fetus? Do you do anything to it beforehand? <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Dr.: Well, I guess, though this is for later second trimester pregnancies, I guess we can give you a shot to .. to well, <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: ..to kill it. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Dr.: We call it fetal demise. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: Mom, I think I’m pregnant…. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Mom: excuse me? <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: yeah…. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Mom: are you sure? I mean you did seem to be putting on some WEIGHT lately.. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: do you really think id be telling you if I wasn’t sure?! <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Mom: no… <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: so can we go get an abortion? <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Mom: NO! <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> LL: Why not!? I still play lasertag, I can’t raise a child!! I already went to that Maybe Baby abortion clinic. I have it all figured out, im getting a D&E, just sign the papers mom!! Mom: we dont even know how much itll cost LL: 750. Mom: (glare) Is that even legal? LL: Well yeah, I think. <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> Mom: We need to talk to a lawyer first.

they go to see a lawyer Lawyer: So, what can I help you with today? Mom: We were wondering if you had any information on abortion laws. Lawyer: Definitely, since we live in Pennsylvania, due to the Roe vs. Wade case in 1992, you have to have a 24 hour waiting period and parental consent before getting an abortion. This case was important becasue it put more restrictions on how easy it is to get an abortion without totally eliminating it as a possiblity for pregnant women. Mom: What about partial birth abortions? Lawyer: oh, that was outlawed by congress back in 1996. Mom: oh thank goodness. my friend got something similar to that and the procedure was simply awful! Lawyer: Yes it was decided than it was basically infanticide. Because the fetus is technically delivered alive. its just that when the fetus is mostly out the doctors puncture the skull and uses a vacuum device to remove the brain. and the baby is then fully delivered in a nonliving state. On rare occations in which the baby is born alive it is simply left to die. Mom: that seems to cross the line between murder and abortion. honey, we have to be careful. LL: yeah i didnt know there were such cruels ways of abortion Mom: the baby can feel the pain too. I know its scary but we'll get through this.


 * Lawyer leaves

Mom: Are you sure you really want to go through with this? LL: Yeah well, I think. There's no way that i can raise a child at my age. I know dad will be disappointed because he's so religious. Mom: Im sure God will understand. LL: But its not natural! This baby is supposed to be born. Mom: Let us pray to our Lord for guidance. LL: Mommmmm Mom takes LLs hands **

goes back to abortion clinic

LL: Hi, Im still not exactly sure what i want to do. but id like to get an ultrasound. Dr: Alright thats fine. its natural to be afraid. And as your doctor i want you to be sure of your decision and not do anything you may regret. LL: Thank you. Dr: alright lets prep you for the ultra sound.

...

Dr: there he is. LL: he? Dr: oh. yeah. its a boy. LL: its a boy. Dr: THATS WHAT I JUST SAID LL: Its a boy.

back in the wating room

Mom: Well? LL: Im keeping it.

<span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"> <span style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)">
 * Insert about what they want to do with the fetus -- maybe donate to science and testing, or becoming a surrogate mother?*
 * baby rights **

The "abortion-breast cancer (ABC) hypothesis" (supporters call it the abortion-breast cancer link) posits induced abortion increases the risk of developing breast cancer; it is a controversial subject and the current scientific consensus has concluded there is no significant association between first-trimester abortion and breast cancer risk.

The relationship between induced abortion and mental health is an area of political and scientific controversy. A number of studies have concluded that abortion is associated with no more psychological risk than carrying an unwanted pregnancy to term.

The existence and implications of fetal pain are scientifically and politically disputed. researchers concluded that data from dozens of medical reports and studies indicate that fetuses are unlikely to feel pain until the third trimester of pregnancy. Nevertheless, because pain can involve sensory, emotional and cognitive factors, it may be "impossible to know" when painful experiences are perceived, even if it is known when thalamocortical connections are established.

Pro life vs. pro choice March on Life held annually in Wash DC

Christians and abortion The Roman Catholic Church today firmly holds that "the first right of the human person is his life" and that life is assumed to begin at fertilization. The equality of all human life is fundamental and complete, any discrimination is evil.

The Presbyterian Church generally takes a pro-choice stance

Prodestant- prochoice

basically the older the religion the more pro life they are.

Pro-choice describes the political and ethical view that a woman should have complete control over her fertility and pregnancy. This entails the guarantee of reproductive rights, which includes access to sexual education; access to safe and legal abortion, contraception, and fertility treatments; and legal protection from forced abortion. Individuals and organizations who support these positions make up the pro-choice movement. Some people who are pro-choice see abortion as a last resort and focus on a number of situations where they feel abortion is a necessary option. Among these situations are those where the woman was raped, her health or life (or that of the fetus) is at risk, contraception was used but failed, or she feels unable to raise a child. Some pro-choice moderates, who would otherwise be willing to accept certain restrictions on abortion, feel that political pragmatism compels them to oppose any such restrictions, as they could be used to form a slippery slope against all abortions.[1] On the issue of abortion, pro-choice campaigners are opposed by pro-life campaigners who argue that the central issue is a completely different set of rights. The pro-life view considers human fetuses and embryos to have the full legal rights of a human being; thus, the right to life of a developing fetus or embryo trumps the woman's right to bodily autonomy, although some pro-lifers believe that abortion should be legal in the case where the woman's life is at serious risk.

On the issue of abortion, attempts by pro-life campaigners to pass laws against abortion are opposed by pro-choice campaigners who argue that the central issue is a completely different set of rights: the human rights of the pregnant woman to choose to terminate her pregnancy or carry it to term. The pro-choice view believes that a woman, and not the government, should have complete control over her fertility and pregnancy, and that this entails the guarantee of reproductive rights.