Reproductive+Technologies+prd+3

__SOCIOLOGIST:__ Julia In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) & Surrogacy & RU-486 Cloning & Pre-implantation Embryo Screening
 * __Human Cloning__: Cloning genes to make the baby cells exactly like the parent cell
 * __In Vitro Fertilization__: Taking the sperm and egg and fertilizing them outside the female body and then insert it back into the female
 * __Surrogacy__: In Vitro Fertilzation process except that the zygote is inserted into a DIFFERENT mother
 * __RU-486__: Abortion pill. Kills baby early on.
 * __Pre-implantation Embryo Screening__: Inserting genes to rid baby of disease or other bad traits. Scientists can also insert GOOD genes. (just like in Gattaca)
 * These processes can benefit infertile couples
 * Surrogacy, the female carrying the baby is often compensated for her efforts. Many worry that the baby won’t be properly cared for if the carrier is not given the amount of compensation she would like.
 * Many also say that both surrogacy and IVF form of violence against women because they technologically ravage women's bodies
 * For the RU-486 pill, many argue that this is murder because as soon as fertilization takes place, a living being is born.
 * Others say that a zygote consists only of a few cells and “has none of the qualities necessary for personhood.”
 * Cloning can make life-saving therapies for a wide range of **human ** disease conditions
 * Parents can have healthy children which lifts the burden of hospital bills and worrying about their child’s condition.
 * Human cloning cannot really result in the development of a  human  being to the point of birth, so it does not go against religion like some suggest
 * Many Christians think it is wrong because they believe that God is sovereign in these matters, that He allows all things for a purpose and that only **He** can change people's hearts/genes.
 * It could get out of hand – people could be basically “choosing” their baby by manipulating their genes and then important people would not be born. (similar to Gataca – Discrimination based on genes).
 * 1) http://find.galegroup.com/ovrc/retrieve.do?subjectParam=Locale%2528en%252C%252C%2529%253AFQE
 * 2) [|http://find.galegroup.com/ovrc/retrieve.do?subjectParam=Locale%2528en%252C%252C%2529%]
 * 3) http://find.galegroup.com/ovrc/retrieve.do?subjectParam=Locale%252528en%25252C%25252C%252529%25253AFQE%25253D%252528s
 * 4) http://find.galegroup.com/ovrc/retrieve.do?subjectParam=Locale%2528en%

WEB EVALUATION Article from Conestoga Database: “Religious Views of Cloning Do Not Agree” Website URL: http://find.galegroup.com/ovrc/retrieve.do?subjectParam=Locale%2528en%252C%252C%2529%253AFQE%253D%2528su%252CNone%252C9%2529%2522Cloning%2522%2524&contentSet=GSRC&sort=Relevance&tabID=T010&sgCurrentPosition=0&subjectAction=DISPLAY_SUBJECTS&prodId=OVRC&searchId=R3&currentPosition=1&userGroupName=berw2747&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&sgHitCountType=None&qrySerId=Locale%28en%2C%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28SU%2CNone%2C9%29%22Cloning%22%24&inPS=true&searchType=BasicSearchForm&displaySubject=&docId=EJ3010073233&docType=GSRC
 * Written by Bob Sullivan in 2005
 * I reached this article from the Conestoga research website, so it is from an educational source.
 * This article takes the position that cloning does not go along with the views of religion. However, because it is an article and not a website, it is okay that it is bias.
 * The information was very helpful for me, the sociologist, because it presented the view of religion on the topic of cloning verses a scientists view.

__SCIENTIST:__ Sam DNA Cloning- Cloning of a small part of DNA in order for transfer into another organism's genes.
 * __**Cloning http://web.ebscohost.com/pov/detail?vid=3&hid=113&sid=256154ce-3d5d-4a08-a598-c0539143a40d%40SRCSM2**__**__**__**__**__**______
 * Therapeutic Cloning- Does not produce a living clone, rather produces stem cells (undifferentiated cells that can be manipulated into to becoming any type of cell)
 * Reproductive Cloning- Produces a living clone from only one parent.
 * THE PROCESS
 * The cells the DNA is taken from are called somatic cells. Somatic cells contain two copies of each of the genes that make up a person's DNA (diploid), while germ cells contain only one copy of each of the genes of a person's DNA (haploid). Diploid DNA from a somatic cell is then inserted into a human egg cell which has had its own DNA removed (enucleated). This process is known as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), because the nucleus of the somatic cell containing the diploid DNA has been transferred to an egg that has no nucleus. At the point of transfer, the egg becomes diploid, meaning it now contains two copies of the DNA necessary to code for a human  being. It is now an embryo.


 * In-Vitro Fertilization [|http://www.americanpregnancy.org/infertility/ivf.html__] Written By American Pregnancy.org, Last edited 5/2007, Educational, Factual both sides, Would reccomend because it is most likely trust worthy
 * Unfertilized, but mature, eggs are extracted using a hollow needle and ultrasound.
 * Sperm is prepared, usually through ejactulation
 * Insemenation occurs, which is the process of placing both egg and sperm in an incubators allowing fertelization to occur
 * Embryo's transfered to the uterus 1-6 days later through the vagina
 * Pre-Implantation Embryo Screening http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=4&hid=104&sid=5a94dd43-d164-4abc-8e00-2b6e22cdebb0%40sessionmgr2____
 * Polar Body is extracted and screened for genetic defects.
 * Polar Body is extracted and screened for genetic defects.


 * RU-486
 * Drug approved in 1999-2000 taken after conception that causes the dislodging of the fertized egg from the uteran lining and then subsequent expolsion.
 * Being explored as possible cancer prohibitor
 * May cause rare bacterial infection

LAWYER: Matt Web evaluation http://www.ncsl.org/programs/health/Genetics/rt-shcl.htm
 * 1) The author of the page is unknown/
 * 2) The purpose of the site is to educate the public about the laws of various states.
 * 3) The site was updated January 2008.
 * 4) The information came from a government meeting
 * 5) The information is about the laws of states relating to human cloning

EDUCATOR: Anya Web Evaluation-Anya McDermott: Educator: The Ethics of Human Cloning was written by Amy Logston in 1999 for her independent study at Saint Vincent College. The web address is followed by “.edu” so it is an educational web site. The website is not biased, but presents the facts behind human cloning and how others may feel about it. It presents the reasons for why some people are for and against human cloning. She does not add her personal opinion in her paper. The article was very helpful in helping me formulate questions for the presentation because it presented the feelings people have toward human cloning. I can now ask the class for their opinion and see if they feel the same or differently. http://facweb.stvincent.edu/academics/religiousstu/writings/logston1.html
 * 1) Why are some people for and against abortion? What would be some positive aspects of using RU-486 and negative aspects of using the pill? How do you think churches feel about it? How do you think the church would feel about using the pill even if a woman was raped, if the parents knew that her child had was at high risk for certain defects, or if having the child cause the mother to be medically ill?
 * 1) By ridding a child of unwanted genes and inserting new ones to make a child “perfect”, how will this change the morals of our society? How will “accepting imperfections” still apply in the world? How will this affect the selection of find a mate?